FORECITE National™
Instructions And Issues Omitted By The Pattern Instructions
Copyright & Publication Information

VOLUME 7 - CHAPTER 103
Go to Volume 7 Table of Contents - Go to Chapter 103 Table of Contents

103.9    Bribery

    103.9.3    Bribery: Defenses And Defense Theories

    103.9.3.1 Bribery Of A Person In A Specific Position: Knowledge Of The Person's Position Required
    103.9.3.2 Bribery: Additional Defenses And Defense Theories
    103.9.3.3 Bribery Concerning Federal Program: Requirement Of Nexus Between Bribe Or Kickback And Expenditure Of Federal Funds (18 USC 666(a)(1)(B))

FORECITE National™
Instructions And Issues Omitted By The Pattern Instructions
Copyright & Publication Information

VOLUME 7 - CHAPTER 103

    103.9.3.1    Bribery Of A Person In A Specific Position: Knowledge Of The Person's Position Required

PRACTICE NOTE: In a charge of bribery of a person in a specific position (e.g., a witness, a public officer, etc.) knowledge of the person’s position should be a required element of the charge even if not specifically included in the statute. (See OKLAHOMA UNIFORM JURY INSTRUCTIONS - CRIMINAL, OUJI-CR 3-8 comments [Witness-Elements]; 3-9 comments [Fiduciary-Elements]; (Oklahoma Center for Criminal Justice, 2nd ed. 1996); see also State v. Greer (NC 1953) 77 SE2d 917, 921-22; Allen v. State (OK 1937) 72 P2d 516, 519; Petitti v. State (OK 1912) 121 P 278, 278; see also FORECITE National™ 46.1 [Willfully Defined: Knowledge Element].)

See generally, FORECITE National™ 305.2.4 [Bribery].

See also generally, FORECITE National™ 305.20.3 [Theft/Larceny].

See FORECITE National™ 103.9.1.2 [Bribery: Federal Circuit Model Instructions And Notes].

FORECITE National™
Instructions And Issues Omitted By The Pattern Instructions
Copyright & Publication Information

VOLUME 7 - CHAPTER 103

PRACTICE NOTE: The defenses and defense theories discussed in this chapter are offered to provide ideas which may be helpful in developing a defense strategy and are not intended to be a complete checklist. Depending on the jurisdiction and the factual circumstances, other theories may be available. (See generally FORECITE National™ Volume 11: Affirmative Defenses And Defense Theories (Ch. 250-264).) For example, in any given case defensive theories may be available as to one or more of the basic elements of criminal liability. (See generally FORECITE National™ Volume 5: Basic Elements Of A Criminal Allegation And Defenses Thereto (Ch. 43-62).)

FORECITE National™
Instructions And Issues Omitted By The Pattern Instructions
Copyright & Publication Information

VOLUME 7 - CHAPTER 103

PRACTICE NOTE: It has been held that a conviction under 18 USC 666 [government theft or bribery concerning programs receiving federal funds] requires proof of a nexus between a bribe or kickback and the expenditure of federal funds. (See United States v. Santopietro (2d Cir.1999) 166 F.3d 88, 93; United States v. Zwick (3d Cir.1999) 199 F3d 672, 683-86; U.S. v. Phillips (5th Cir. 2000) 219 F3d 404, 416 [not conclusively determining issue but strongly suggesting such nexus is required]; but see United States v. Dakota (6th Cir.1999) 197 F3d 821, 826 [no nexus required].)